Richard Doctor

The Hour and Day and Month and Year

The Unintended Reformation to World War I “Christianity remained in the sixteenth century what it had always been — a shared way of life, not simply as an ideal but in practice, inescapably social because of Jesus’s central command: ‘Love one another as I have loved you’ (John 15:12). And the Bible was God’s word, his saving truth for human beings with implications for [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 32, No.2, May 2021|

Science supports the Bible: The Mother of Us All – Mitochondrial Eve

“And Adam called his wife’s name Eve; because she was the mother of all living” (Genesis 3:20). “DNA” is our shorthand for the complex set of inherited instructions used by every living organism on earth. No living cell is without its own unique DNA. For each one of us, our mother and father both contribute DNA that provides instructions for the color of our [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 31, No.3, Aug. 2020|

The Four Visions of God’s Glory (Ezekiel 1:1-3:14)

“Behold, the glory of the Lord stood there, as the glory which I saw by the river of Chebar, and Ifell on my face.”(Ezekiel 3.-23) PROLOGUE In each of us is a deeply-felt need to relate to God-the ultimate reality -through the same conscious senses that make the rest of our world real. God lives in a completely different dimensionality and “no man hath [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 5, No.3, Aug. 1994|

Horses Ready for Battle

“Hast thou given the horse his strength? Hast thou clothed his neck with thunder? Cans't thou make him afraid as the grasshopper? The glory of his nostrils is terrible He paweth in the valley, and rejoiceth in his strength: he goeth on to meet the armed men. He mocketh at fear, and is not affrighted; neither turneth he back from the sword. The quiver [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 8, No.3, Aug. 1997|

The Deluge and the Epic of Gilgamesh

"All the mighty windstorms blew together ... at the same time the rainflood swept over the cult centers ... and the windstorms drovethe mighty boat about on the mighty waters" (Epic of Gilgamesh, Sumerian version, circa 3rd millennium BC). 1, 2 Clay tablets with curious wedge-shaped script emerging into daylight from beneath nearly three millennia of dust electrified the biblical and archeological community in [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 9, No.2, May 1998|

The Cross and Crown: William Penn, Messenger of Brotherly Love

An introduction to the life and Christian service of William Penn, a stalwart of faith in the Philadelphia period. "Being ready to faint concerning my hope of the restitution of all things, it was at this time the Lord visited me with a certain and sound testimony of his eternal world." - William Penn {1} A seasoned man of arms learns both victory and [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 11, No.1, Feb. 2000|

A Star Called Wormwood

Islam, Orthodoxy, and Catholicism in Prophecy The third church, the third seal, and the third trumpet together weave a tapestry that shows the challenges God’s people have met and triumphed over through Christ. Yet, their historic importance is relevant to our day, for a star called “Wormwood” and the church in Pergamos directly relate to the challenge of terrorism and warfare in Afghanistan that [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 13, No.3, Aug. 2002|

Love Your Enemies

Probably no admonition of Jesus has been more difficult to follow than the command to "love your enemies" (Mat­thew 5:44). Some men have sincerely felt that its actual practice is not possible. "It is easy," they say, "to love those who love you, but how can one love those who openly and insidi­ously seek to defeat you?" Others contend that Jesus' ex­hortation to love [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 16, No.1, Feb. 2005|

Tyre and Sidon

The history of these twin cities of Tyre and Sidon illus­trate the evils of abominable idolatry linked to a commerce­ driven life without the restraints of God's spirit. Their pri­macy as economic powers of the ancient world presented a continual reproach to the children of Israel. And yet, this should not have happened. It happened because Israel never fully entered upon the blessings tendered [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 18, No.2, May 2007|

The Jewish Diaspora: 135 to the Fall of Rome¹

BAR KOKHBA'S REBELLION (132-135 AD) The last agonized moans of the crucified on Jerusalem's walls fell still, drowned out by the steady tramp of a heavy military occupation that followed the failed Great Jewish Revolt (70-73 AD). The Second Temple was destroyed by the Roman siege on August 4, 70 AD. This date is the 9th of Av on the Jewish calendar. As prophesied, [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 19, No.1, Feb. 2008|

Memorial Observances

"Purge out therefore the old leaven, that ye may be a new lump, as ye are unleavened. For even Christ our Passover is sacrificed for us" (Corinthians 5:7). FOUR QUESTIONS Considerations about the Memorial observance were treated in February 1996, when four questions were answered.1 (1) Since Bible Students link the celebration of Memorial to the Passover observance and use the Jewish calendar to [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 19, No.3, Aug. 2008|

Psalm 46, A Song Upon Alamoth

"God is our refuge and strength, a very present help in trouble. Therefore will not we fear, though the earth be removed, and though the mountains be carried into the midst of the sea" (Psalm 46:1). The situation was dire. The Armies of mighty Sennacherib, king of Assyria stood outside the very gates of Jerusalem. Recognizing the high cost of a direct assault on [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 20, No.4, Nov. 2009|

Psalm 47, Celebrating Victory in the Face of Enemies

"O Clap your hands, all ye peoples, shout unto God with the voice of triumph" (Psalm 47:1).1 So beloved and important is Psalm 47 that to this day it plays a special part in the annual Jewish liturgy. In traditional synagogues, Psalm 47 is recited before the sounding of the Shofar (ram's horn) at the start of each New Year. Although the custom of [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 21, No.1, Feb. 2010|

Psalm 48, Mount Zion

"Beautiful in elevation, the joy of the whole earth, is mount Zion, on the sides of the north" (Psalms 48:2). King Hezekiah was surrounded "like a bird in a cage." 1 Jerusalem was besieged by the armies of Assyria led by king Sennacherib in the 7th century BC as recorded in Isaiah chapters 36, 37. To bolster morale within the city, the sons of [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 22, No.3, Aug. 2011|

Elijah, Ahab, Jezebel, Related Antitypes

"Elijah ... and all of his doings were a type on a small scale of greater things which came afterwards" (R5741).1 Divine providence may arrange a forceful method of conveying lessons when an illustration is needed respecting moral conduct and its consequences. God can overrule so that men acting with complete moral free-will have their words and actions preserved in the Bible. History by [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 22, No.4, Nov. 2011|

“Aleph-Tau, Alpha and Omega, Even I”

“I am Alpha and Omega” (Revelation 1:8). It would be comforting to know that the translators of the Bible were working with the original words of the sacred canon’s prophets, evangelists, epistle authors, and particularly the text of Revelation. Sadly, this is not the case for many verses of scripture. The problem is particularly acute for the transmission of the text of Revelation. For [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 25, No.2, May 2014|

The Highway of Holiness

“And the ransomed of the LORD shall return, and come with singing unto Zion, and everlasting joy shall be upon their heads; they shall obtain gladness and joy, and sorrow and sighing shall flee away” (Isaiah 35:10). Isaiah 35:1-10 contains a richness of promises for mankind in the Kingdom. All the promises of our Heavenly Father are sure, and here we are assured, that [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 26, No.1, Feb. 2015|

Isaiah 65-66, New Heavens and a New Earth

“Nevertheless we, according to his promise, look for new heavens and a new earth, wherein dwelleth righteousness” (2 Peter 3:13). What was the promise to which Peter refers? Immediately, our minds might leap to the closing of Revelation: “And I saw a new heaven and a new earth: for the first heaven and the first earth were passed away; and there was no more [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 27, No.1, Feb. 2016|

A Bone of Him Shall Not Be Broken

“For these things were done, that the scripture should be fulfilled, A bone of him shall not be broken” (John 19:36). “There are pictures of the Church which represent her as participating with the Lord in his sacrifice; but the Passover type is not one of these. The Passover lamb represented our Lord Jesus Christ as ‘the Lamb of God, which taketh away the [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 28, No.2, May 2017|

Rachel Weeping for her Children

“Thus saith the LORD; A voice was heard in Ramoth, lamentation, and bitter weeping; Rachel weeping for her children refused to be comforted for her children, because they were not” (Jeremiah 31:15). “The moral is that self-sacrifice ensures life, a paradox which is exemplified by Jewish history” (Soncino Jewish Commentary notes on Ezekiel 16:16). Some of the richest promises for Israel’s restoration are recorded [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 29, No.3, Aug. 2018|

“Towards God” (John 1:1)

The efforts of the outstanding scholar and Christian John Wycliffe in the 1370's produced the first English Bible translation still somewhat readable. Written by hand on costly parchment, these precious texts were concealed and carried throughout England by preachers willing to risk their lives so that God's work could be made intelligible to the common people. With his characteristic intellectual boldness, Wycliffe in this [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 19, No.2, May 2008|

Chiasms, Memorable Teaching

“For precept must be upon precept, precept upon precept; line upon line, line upon line; here a little, and there a little” (Isaiah 28:10). Effective teaching employs repetition, precept upon precept as noted in Isaiah. Sadly, as the Isaiah context shows, the immediate hearers seem to have included those slow of heart. A special style of effective repetitive teaching called Chiasms appears throughout the [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 35, No.3, Sep. 2024|

666, the False Donation of Constantine, and the Renaissance

“Here is wisdom. Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast: for it is the number of a man; and his number is 666” (Revelation 13:18) Pastor Charles T. Russell, Question Book (1911), page 37. “What about the number of the beast, 666?” ANSWER. — “There are various interpretations given to this. I am not specially prepared to say all about [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 35, No.1, Mar. 2024|

Zechariah’s Horses

"I saw by night, and behold a man riding upon a red horse, and he stood among the myrtle trees that were in the bottom; and behind him were there red horses, speckled, and white. Then said I, 0 my lord, what are these? And the angel that talked with me said unto me, I will show thee what these be. And the man [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 12, No.3, Aug. 2001|

Salt and its Lost Savor

Salt is one of the main products of tears and is essential to life. Its amazing properties captured the imagination of early scientific inquiry into the laws of God’s nature. While salt remains unchanged by the flame of a fire, one drop of water accomplishes the dissolution of the salt that the fire for all of its power cannot achieve. By the time of [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 14, No.1, Feb. 2003|

Mt. Musa, Jabal al-Lawz (The Search for the Real Mt. Sinai)

TESTIMONY OF ADVENTURERS AND SCHOLARS ON MOUNT SINAI For centuries now, Bible scholars have been puzzled as to where the real Mt. Sinai is located. Most people are unaware that little evidence supports that what is called “Mt. Sinai” in the Sinai Peninsula — where the monastery of St. Catharine sits — is indeed the famed mountain of Exodus. Biblical scholars have suggested several [...]

Jezebel’s Death

"And it shall come to pass, that him that escapeth the sword of Hazael shall Jehu slay: and him that escapeth from the sword of Jehu shall Elisha slay" (1 Kings 19:17). Revelation names only four historical persons: faithful Moses, faithful David, iniquitous Balaam and but one woman - iniquitous Jezebel. In itself, the name "Jezebel" holds the promise of noble character and one [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 16, No.2, May 2005|

The Tribes of Israel – Asher

Asher springs from the pitiless infighting and the destructive rivalry bred of the deception Laban played on Jacob. Originally, Jacob had not planned on his polygamous union with both Rachel and her older sister Leah. The less-loved wife Leah adopted the stratagem of escalating her importance in the eyes of the community and Jacob by adding sons through surrogate motherhood. By the end of [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 18, No.4, Nov. 2007|

Myrtle Trees in the Bottom

"I saw by night, and behold a man riding upon a red horse, and he stood among the myrtle trees that were in the bottom; and behind him were there red horses, speckled, and white. Then said I, 0 my Lord, what are these?" (Zechariah 1:8-9). Previously the significance of the horses in this wonder­ful prophetic picture were considered, but what about the "myrtle [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 16, No.4, Nov. 2005|

The Sons of Aaron and Levi

"Who may abide the day [now present] of his coming? and who shall stand when he appeareth? For he is like a refiner's fire, and like fullers' soap: And he shall sit as a refiner and purifier of silver: and he shall purify the sons of Levi, and purge them as gold and silver" (Malachi 3:1-6). All those calling upon the name of the [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 19, No.1, Feb. 2008|

Rooted in Deep Waters

"In the wilderness shall waters break out, and streams in the desert" (Isaiah 35:6). In the biblical narrative, the word yuval (Strong 2988) which appears three times in the Bible seems to have lost its original nuance and it is recognized as meaning a stream of some kind.1 In modern Hebrew, it refers to a perennial stream, and so it has generally been understood [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 20, No.3, Aug. 2009|

Understanding John 1:1, “Towards God”

"In the Beginning was the Logos, and the Logos was towards [in the service of] God, and the Logos was a god" (John 1:1, literal translation). The opening verses of John's Gospel, John 1:1-2, are familiar. But they have been misunderstood.1 (1) The translation "with God," as appears in most Bibles, is inaccurate. (2) The correct translation is "unto God," or, "towards God." The [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 21, No.4, Nov. 2010|

Newton: Bible Student and Scientist

Isaac Newton (1642-1727) was born in Lincolnshire on Christmas day nearly two months premature, and posthumous to his father. In the superstition of the day, all three of these circumstances were considered to portend a child of exceptional abilities, and so he was. He was born in the last year a witch was publicly burned at the stake in England. When he went to [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 18, No.3, Aug. 2007|

Pergamos, a “Mixed Marriage”

“To the angel of the church of Pergamos write; These things saith he which hath the sharp sword with two edges” (Revelation 2:12). When we look at our brethren’s trials throughout the Gospel Age it truly is a cause for reflection, encouragement, and thanksgiving for their faithfulness. While the golden candlestick representing the church is beaten from one piece of solid gold, Revelation consistently [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 24, No.3, Aug. 2013|

Zephaniah and a Pure Language

“The word of the LORD which came unto Zephaniah the son of Cushi, the son of Gedaliah, the son of Amariah, the son of Hezekiah, in the days of Josiah the son of Amon, king of Judah” (Zephaniah 1:1). Frequently, we might pass over the opening lines of a book in the Bible that list lineages of the prophet. In Zephaniah it is unusual [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 28, No.3, Aug. 2017|

The Papal Millennium

THE MILLENNIUM IN JEWISH BELIEF On Pentecost Sunday the apostle Peter spoke of the Times of Restitution, as a season of blessing and refreshment (Acts 3:19-21). For his Jewish audience he was presenting a familiar belief that held the 6,000 years from creation would be followed by a special 1,000 year Sabbath “day.” This belief goes back to before the destruction of the second [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 28, No.4, Nov. 2017|

The Golden Calf – Exodus 32 and Chiasms

What has happened to Moses? We do not see him, The mob was blind with frustration. The people assembled unto Aaron; it was near forty days since Moses had ascended the fearful mountain and since then there was no word, no signal, no sighting of Moses. Whispers grew into a mob’s roar that demanded to know, “What has happened to Moses? We do not [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 35, No.3, Sep. 2024|

Our Lord’s Resurrection Appearances

“That which was from the beginning, which we have heard, which we have seen with our eyes, which we have looked at and our hands have touched — this we proclaim concerning the Word of Life” (1 John 1:1 NIV). The Bible records ten appearances following Jesus’ resurrection.[1],[2] This is significant, because in Biblical numerology ten is associated with completeness, perfection, and fullness in [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 31, No.2, May 2020|

Science Supports the Bible

The Earth‑Moon System and the Breaking‑Forth Seas of Job. “Who shut up the sea with doors, when it brake forth, as if it had issued out of the womb?” (Job 38:8). The Bible is the book of God’s revealed word. God’s creative work is written in the book of the stones of nature. Reflection on the record of these two very different books should [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 36, No.1, Mar. 2025|

Our Lord’s Resurrection Appearances

“That which was from the beginning, which we have heard, which we have seen with our eyes, which we have looked at and our hands have touched - this we proclaim concerning the Word of Life .” 1 John 1:1, NIV TEN POST-RESURRECTION APPEARANCES The Bible records ten1 post-resurrection appearances of Jesus during the forty days following that most blessed Sunday.2 This is significant [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 7, No.3, Aug. 1996|

Gnostic Belief

A background to Gnosticism, as an editorial adjunct to the previous article Shortly before our Lord’s birth, Gnostic belief emerged. It was a mixture of Judaism that was awed by Platonic Greek Philosophy but departed from both sacred Biblical text and Platonism. Gnosticism set forth a basic tenet of error — that all creation excepting the inaccessible divine creator was an amalgam of spirit [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 34, No.4, Dec. 2023|

Tyre and Sidon, Unrestrained Capitalism

"Tyre shall be forgotten seventy years, according to the days of one king: after the end of seventy years shall Tyre sing as an harlot" (Isaiah 23:15). Isaiah speaks of a period not quite two centuries future to his own day when the harlot song of Tyre would follow a period of seventy years when it would be forgotten. While in their own tongue [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 20, No.2, May 2009|

Tyre and Sidon, Unrestrained Capitalism (Continued from previous issue)

PROTESTANT WORK ETHIC But today, why is there such a difference between Western Christendom looking to Rome and Eastern Christendom looking to Constantinople? There are a multitude of reasons to be sure. But what opened the door to commerce in Western Christendom was the challenge for Papacy that came with the unbridled neopaganism of the Renaissance and then the counterbalancing nearly fatal crisis of [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 20, No.3, Aug. 2009|

Gnosticism: “Science Falsely So Called”

"Avoid ... oppositions of science falsely so called" (1 Timothy 6:20).1 When the Apostle Paul wrote to condemn "Science falsely so called" (1 Timothy 6:20, he referred to the confused spiritual beliefs of "Gnosticism." The very name "Gnosticism" comes from the Greek word here translated "science" (knowledge, Strong 1108, gnosis). "Gnosticism" is a deceptive path of inner "knowing" that was bitterly fought against from [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 22, No.2, May 2011|

Notes on Translation: Only Begotten

We owe a debt of gratitude to the clear explanation presented by Pastor Russell in The Atonement between God and Man (Study III). This study elucidates the confusing subject of "only begotten." In the Englishman's Greek Concordance we also find an invaluable study tool (now available keyed to Strong's Concordance), which shows the nine biblical uses of "monogenees." This is the single Greek word [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 15, No.3, Aug. 2004|

Hebrew “Roots” in Strong’s Concordance

One of the great blessings contributing to an improved understanding of the Bible for non-speakers of Hebrew and Greek was the first printing of the James Strong's Concordance in 1894. A little assistance in understanding Strong's references to Hebrew words may be of help since the language structure is so different from English and Romance languages. Consider the Hebrew word "to write" (Strong 3789). [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 17, No.2, May 2006|

The 9th of Av

Tisha B'Av (tish'ah be-ab) is a major annual fast day in Judaism. Its name denotes the ninth day "Tisha" of the Jewish month of ''Av," which falls in mid-summer. It has been called the "saddest day in Jewish history." In the Bible, before the exile, this month was simply called, "the fifth month." The lunar-based Jewish calendar shows some variation of the dates each [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 17, No.4, Nov. 2006|

Days of Daniel

A popular account of the Allenby campaign by Owen Wister, The Romance of the Last Crusade - with Allenby to Jerusalem, points to the interest in the apparent fulfillment of Biblical prophecy with the conquest coming in 1917.1 First, it is necessary to point out that for the hopes of the Lord's people comprising the true church, the interpretation of the Days of Daniel [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 18, No.1, Feb. 2007|

The Council of Arles

(August 1, 314) — World War I (August 1, 1914) Starting in the 1880s, the brethren expected that in 1914, a Great War would bring down the failed Church‑ State systems of Christendom. This dating was later refined to begin with the Civil Year (Rosh Hashanah) in October. However, hostilities for the Great War broke out two months earlier on August 1, not October [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 29, No.1, Feb. 2018|

Wycliff on Church Elections

John Wycliff (1329-1384) has well been called the “Morning Star of the Reformation,” and he is best remembered as the first translator of the Bible into English. Because the Papacy was in such disarray during his lifetime, he was able to write and act with a freedom that would not be matched until the great Reformation. To assure that the English people would not [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 15, No.1, Feb. 2004|

Robert Greathead

Historians frequently focus on those characters who both shape and are the products of their times. Luther was one such man who stood up against the prevailing religious oppression and bombast of his time and found that society was prepared to heed his message. John Hus (1369-1415 AD) a century earlier than Luther came to Bohemia preaching the same message of reform and zeal, [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 15, No.3, Aug. 2004|

Solomon – and his Glory

In Matthew 6:28, 29 Jesus speaks of how splendidly our Heavenly Father clothes the lilies of the field. He tells us that their beauty rivals even Solomon's glory. We see that despite Solomon's failings, memories of his glorious reign were one of his abiding legacies. Let us ask two questions about the life of Solomon. First, are his failings consistent with his prayer for [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 19, No.4, Nov. 2008|

When Jesus became God

(Addendum to the article "Development of the Trinity," November 2010 issue) When Jesus Became God: the Struggle to Define Christianity in the Last Days of Rome. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1999; Harvest paperback, 2000. Paris: Editions Decouverte, 2001. The account of our Lord's life and the developments in the church during apostolic times are well known, as is the story of Christian persecutions during [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 22, No.3, Aug. 2011|

Science supports the Bible: Evidence Missing! – Creation

The One-half billion years (give or take a few years) of evolutionary evidence is missing! The June 22, 2023 Nature magazine article “Lost World of Complex Life,” by Jochen J. Brocks, et al. [1] deserves special mention to our readership. The intense interest in all aspects of the appearance of “complex life” by the science community has brought to light compelling proof for the [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 34, No.3, Sep. 2023|

The Liberation of Jerusalem, 1917

"I will bring again the captivity of my people Israel and Judah, saith the LORD ... [they will] return to the land that I gave to their fathers, and ... shall possess it" (Jeremiah 30:3). On December 9th the city of Jerusalem surrendered to the British Third Army under General Sir Edmund Allenby. So important was this victory in World War I that news [...]

Categories: Richard Doctor, Volume 18, No.1, Feb. 2007|
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